noun

Kata benda yang dapat dihitung dibedakan menjadi dua bagian yaitu:
1. Bilangan satu/tunggal disebut singular
2. Bilangan yang lebih dari satu (jamak) disebut plural

Pada umumnya kata benda dalam bentuk tunggal (singular) jika menjadi jamak (plural) dengan menambahkan s atau es pada kata benda tunggal.

Exp:
Singular :

- Book

- Dog

- Cat

Plural

- Books

- Dogs

- Cats

• Singular dan Plural

Apabila kata benda tersebut berakhiran huruf: s, sh, x, ch, dan o, maka dibelakang kata benda itu ditambah huruf es.

Exp:
Singular :

- Brush
- Box
- Branch 

- Glass
- Mango
- Tomato -Tomatoes

 Plural : 

- Brushes

- Boxes

- Branches

- Glasses

- Mangoes

- Tomatoes

• Uncountable noun and countable noun

Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted (e.g. oranges). Uncountable nouns are those that cannot be counted (e.g. smoke). So how do we know whether or not a noun is countable or uncountable?

The noun is countable:

• if we can use a/an before it.. Example: I own a car. / I play with an ostrich.
• if we can use the word 'many' (and not 'much') to describe it. Example: She has many friends. (It's wrong to say: She has much friends.)
• if we can express its quantity by using a number before it. Example: I have five apples.
• if it takes on singular as well as plural forms

The noun is uncountable:

• if a/an is not normally used in front of it. Example: He is eating some rice. (NOT: He is eating a rice.) Rice is treated as not countable, so 'some' (which can be used for both countable and uncountable nouns) is used with it.
• if the word 'much' can be correctly used with it. Example: How much rice have you eaten? (NOT: How many rice have you eaten?)
• if it is not possible to be counted. However, we can make it countable by having a quantity for it. Example: I have just bought two cartons or litres/liters of milk. (NOT: I have just bought two milk.)
• if it takes only a singular form.

• Common noun 

There are many common nouns that have irregular plurals.

Many common nouns connected with human beings seem to be irregular.

For example:-

• child - children | person - people | man - men | woman - women

Other irregular common nouns are:-

foot - feet | mouse - mice | tooth - teeth

Some nouns have identical plural and singular forms, although they are still considered to have a plural form.

For example:-

• aircraft - aircraft | fish - fish | headquarters - headquarters | sheep - sheep | species - species

Uncountable nouns on the other hand have no plural form and take a singular verb (is / was ...).

For example:-

• advice | information | luggage | news

Some nouns (especially those associated with two things) exist only in the plural form and take a plural verb (are / were...).

For example:-

• cattle | scissors | trousers | tweezers | congratulations | pyjamas

Nouns that stem from older forms of English or are of foreign origin often have odd plurals.

For example:-

• ox - oxen | index - indices or indexes

In compound nouns the plural ending is usually added to the main noun.

For example:-

• son-in-law - sons-in-law | passer-by - passers-by

Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted (e.g. oranges). Uncountable nouns are those that cannot be counted (e.g. smoke). So how do we know whether or not a noun is countable or uncountable?

The noun is countable:

• if we can use a/an before it. 

Example: I own a car. / I play with an ostrich.

• if we can use the word 'many' (and not 'much') to describe it.  

Example: She has many friends. (It's wrong to say: She has much friends.)

• if we can express its quantity by using a number before it. 

Example: I have five apples.

• if it takes on singular as well as plural forms

The noun is uncountable:

• if a/an is not normally used in front of it.

Example: He is eating some rice. (NOT: He is eating a rice.) Rice is treated as not countable, so 'some' (which can be used for both countable and uncountable nouns) is used with it.

• if the word 'much' can be correctly used with it.

Example: How much rice have you eaten? (NOT: How many rice have you eaten?)

• if it is not possible to be counted. However, we can make it countable by having a quantity for it.

Example: I have just bought two cartons or litres/liters of milk. (NOT: I have just bought two milk.)if it takes only a singular form.

• POSSESSIVE

For example:

• This is my book.
  * In this example, we can substitute "my book" for the possessive pronoun "mine". => This is mine.
• This is your disk and that's mine.
  * Mine substitutes the word disk and shows that it belongs to me.

A possessive pronoun indicates it is acting as a subject complement or a subject of the sentence.
For example:

• The smallest gift is mine.
  This is yours.
  * Here the possessive pronouns acts as a subject complement.
• His is on the kitchen counter.
  Theirs will be delivered tomorrow.
  Ours is the green one on the corner.
  * Here the possessive pronoun acts as the subject of the sentence.

 Refrensi :

•  http://tariles41.blogspot.com/2010/04/singular-and-plural.html
• http://www.myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-1-nouns/3-countable-and-uncountable-nouns.html
• http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/grammar/possessive-pronoun.asp